The Age Of Catastrophe
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5 pages in length. There exist several reasons why the first half of the twentieth century has been termed The Age of Catastrophe. The period between 1914 and 1945 brought much grief and heartache to the people of Europe, as it reflected a time of great concern for the safety of both Europeans and their country. Among the adverse activities that occurred during that period include two world wars, Fascism, Nazism, Stalinist Totalitarianism and the Depression. This paper will discuss how each of these entities ultimately contributed to The Age of Catastrophe. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Agecat.wps

British History / Lloyd's Empire, Welfare State, Europe
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A 7 page paper that discusses the effects of the Great Depression on the political and economic structure of England. Using Lloyd's book, the author presents the effects that in turn led to Great Britain's participation in World War II. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Brithist.wps

The Reunification of Germany
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This 12 page paper discusses the ramifications of Germany's unification in 1990 and its relationship to the world order. Germany's place in terms of the fall of communism as well as its role in the creation of world peace is explored. The critical Two Plus Four meetings are also explained. Bibliography lists 12+ sources.
Filename: Grmny.wps

Urbanization In Berlin After Unification In The 1870s and 1880s
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5 pages in length. Vast changes occurred in Berlin following the unification at the end of the nineteenth century. Not only did the unification of 1871 establish a junction for Germany, but it also was the motivating factor behind a massive urbanization. Virtually from one moment to the next, Germany -- as it had been know prior to the 1880s -- had all but disappeared to make way for a new and progressive society. The writer discusses how Berlin, in particular, was considered to be a provincial backwater in the mid eighteen hundreds but transformed itself into one of the great metropolitan centers of the world. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCberln.wps

Hobsbawm's Age Of Revolution
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In The Age of Revolution by Eric Hobsbawm, he gives a thorough and interesting account of the French and Industrial revolutions, albeit from a refreshingly atypical perspective. This 5 page paper asserts that he seems to see the waves of history through an hourglass of Marxist economic theory which gives his book a double perspective: from the economic standpoint and from the eyes of the workers. An examination of his views on the Industrial and French revolutions is provided. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KThobsbm.wps

Europe Since 1870
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6 pages worth of short essays discussing Europe since 1870. Topics include the Dreyfus Affair as an example of foreshadowing (1.25 pages), Darwin's Alleged Attack on the Underpinnings of Christianity (2 paragraphs), Whether Nazis were psychotic or evil (2 paragraphs), the World War I film 'Gallipoli,' Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy, and issues relevant to Fascism and Mussolini. No Bibliography.
Filename: Eur1870.wps

Italy Under Mussolini
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A 5 page research paper that looks to William Bolitho's 1926 text on Mussolini for an explanation of how Fascism took over Italy, and then to a summation of Italian progress under Mussolini's rule. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 00ium.rtf

The Rise of Fascism in Italy
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A 14 page paper that explores the beginning of fascist power in Italy, with a strong focus on Benito Mussolini and his reign. The paper looks at the political environment leading to Mussolini's reign and his response to it. The paper explores the political and cultural view of the populace and other political parties, and the changes in Mussolini's viewpoint/action, and how his actions led to the fall of fascism in Italy and contributed to the fall of Nazism in Germany. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Italyf.wps

The Rise Of Fascism, In Italy
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7 pages in length. Italian Fascism came on the heels of a war that physically and economically crippled Italy. In an attempt to regain control, Italian general and dictator, Benito Mussolini (Il Duce), created a political party that rivaled the existing Socialist party. Fascism was considered a harsh, dictatorship-type of power that left many people the victims of its tyranny. The writer addresses what instigated the formation of Italian Fascism, as well as touches upon various elements of the movement. Bibliography lists several sources.
Filename: Fascism2.wps

Nazism vs. Fascism
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8 pages in length. The writer discusses and compares Nazism and Fascism of Hitler and Mussolini. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Nazfac.wps

Fascism in Austria
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A 22 page paper on the rise and influence of fascism in Austria. Examined during the period between the two wrold wars, the various fascist movements are analyzed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Austria.wps

The Italian Transition From Fascism
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An 8 page paper discussing Italy's transition from fascism to democracy. The writer chronicles the rise and fall of fascism and the eventual rise of democracy, illustrates the pluralism, mobilization, and leadership of the fascist regime and the reasons for its downfall. Emphasis is given to fascist ideology and its inability to infiltrate Italian society and institutions, as well as demonstrating the inadequacies of fascism and the reasons for the rise of democracy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Italiaf.wps

Socialism As A Political Philosophy
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A 5 page paper describing socialism as a political philosophy and the impact this has on Eastern and Western Europe as they enter a new stage in economic negotiations. The author describes past events in the development of socialism and relates this to the current status of Europe following the break up of the USSR and the emergence of the European Union. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Socialis.wps

Ireland and the European Union, a Success Story
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A 12 page research paper on how the European Union contributed to the economic, political and social transformation of Ireland. The writer addresses the EU's financial contributions which helped Ireland build its infrastructure and train its citizens for the current job market, and how its policies effected political and social change in Ireland. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: Cneuirel.wps

The Amsterdam Treaty
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(5 pp) The Amsterdam Treaty significantly addresses previous deep seated democratic deficiencies found in previous European Community Law making. These include stronger citizen redress, further protection of individual rights, and directly addressing the need for more innovative employment strategies within the European Union. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BBamtrea.rtf

The Greatest Challenges Facing the European Union
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This 9 page report discusses a number of the issues being dealt with by the leaders of the European Union. With an admittedly shared but still distinct history, the nations of Europe have faced and will continue to face a significant number of obstacles blocking the utopian state that some imagine as the future of Europe. New regulatory frameworks, the creation of the Euro, post-nationalism, economic and social expansion, as well as the growing sense of alienation on the part citizens of EU member-nations must all be considered as important challenges of the 21st century. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWeuchal.wps

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