Mussolini: Fascist Leader and Dictator
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the life, Fascist leadership and dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. The formation of the Fascist party in Italy by Benito Mussolini in 1919 was a pivotal point in Italian history and one in the life of Mussolini. Previously an ardent socialist, Mussolini was also an opportunist and one whose craving for power was dominated by the force he used to obtain and maintain it. Extremely bright and well educated, Mussolini moved wherever opportunities existed and when it was obvious that the governmental system in Italy was weak, he was able to dominate the system and declare himself “Il Duce” as a dictator. During the 1920s and the 1930s, it can be said that the Fascist Regime owed its existence to Mussolini and his Fascist colleagues supported his leadership, and were persecuted if they did not. During World War II however, when Mussolini felt his best course of action was to join the Germans, this not only led to a great deal of dissension within Italy but also led to a great deal of military losses on behalf of the Italian army. The Fascists blamed Mussolini for their losses and had him arrested. Although he was later rescued by the Germans and set up his own regime in Northern Italy, he was eventually executed by Italian partisans. Mussolini’s drive and charisma made him a dominant dictator who was accepted by the Italians and aided by the media during the strong times yet was blamed and condemned by the Fascists and Italians during Italy’s defeat. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJMusso1.rtf

Napoleon III - Napoleon's Legacy
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A 6 page paper. Napoleon Bonaparte was a despotic tyrant but he instituted some major programs and maintained a degree of stability in France for twenty years. Napoleon III, or Louis Napoleon, Napoleon's nephew, wanted to follow in his uncle's footsteps. This essay discusses the legacies of these two dictators, their impact on other leaders and their policies. Their impact on Europe, particularly that of Napoleon I was profound. This essay explains this premise. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGnapol3.rtf

Nationalism and its Effect on Germany’s Foreign Policy Pre WWI
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the history of German nationalism at the end of the 19th century and early in the 20th century, up until the onset of World War I. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JHGerm.rtf

Nationalism in Germany and Austria
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This 5 page paper looks at nationalism with a specific focus on Germany and Austria. Positive and negative aspects of nationalism are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA150nat.rtf

Nazi Germany; The Reasons for the Slow Realisation of Anti-Semitic Policy (1933 – 1937)
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This 5 page paper considers the rise of the nazi party in German and examines why their extreme anti-semitic polices were not enacted immediately and took time to become apparent. The reason discussed include public opinion, economic and political power, control, fear and legislation. The bibliography cites 6 sources including German texts.
Filename: TEnazi33.wps

Nazi persecution of homosexuals
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A six page paper which looks at the revisionist history work, The Pink Swastika, and other issues surrounding the relationship of the Nazi regime to homosexuality. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JLpink.rtf

Nazi Propaganda Inside Germany
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This 4 page paper discusses the way in which the Nazis used propaganda to manipulate the German population into going along with their extreme agenda. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVNziPrp.rtf

Neville Chamberlain and the British Appeasement of Hitler
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A 7 page discussion of the motives and results of Britain’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain’s appeasement policy as an attempt to avoid British entry into World War II. Reviews four books to present contrasting opinions as to Chamberlain’s motives. Emphasizes that, despite the contrasting opinions as to Chamberlain’s motives, the current which eventually erupted into World War II ran much deeper than the acts of any one man and that Chamberlain’s actions in the years between 1936 and 1939 were precipitous in some regards but he was only following a long history of British appeasement. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPchmbrl.wps

Normandy landings
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A five page paper which looks at the strategies involved in the D-Day landings, with reference to intelligence operations and the military coordination of the exercise. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JLdday.rtf

On The Eve Of World War I
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6 pages in length. One the eve of World War I, there existed a disagreement between the "optimists" and the "pessimists" as to the impending global conflict. The optimists felt that the Russian state and society were gradually evolving into something better during the final decades of the nineteenth century, believing that the evolution was accelerated by the events of 1905 and after. The pessimists, on the other hand, strongly disagreed and focused instead upon autocratic intransigence and other forces that tended to hide serious change. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCeve.wps

Operation Barbarossa
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This 9 page paper discusses the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941; the reasons for the campaign and its objectives. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: HVBarbar.rtf

Operation TORCH
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of the TORCH operation of September 1942, and the impacts that this had on the strategic warfare of Allied and Axis powers.
Filename: MHWarfar.rtf

Paul Fussell's "Doing Battle" and Siegfried Knappe's "Soldat"
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An 8 page paper which discusses Paul Fussell's book, "Doing Battle" and Siegfried Knappe's "Soldat." The paper addresses who the authors are, what the books are about, why they were written, and their significance to the reader as it relates to WWII. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAsoldat.wps

Paul Fussell’s “The Great War and Modern Memory”
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This 5 page report discusses the Paul Fussell’s book, “The Great War and Modern Memory” (winner of the National Book Award), is its discussion of the effects of World War I on the human consciousness and attitudes. He shows how it permeated virtually all aspects of “modern memory.” His analysis of the literature, poetry, theater, and other aspects of popular culture on the front and in England during the war offers a far more realistic and thought-provoking view into the experience of British soldiers than any typical test detailing the maneuvers and strategies associated with actual battles. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWmemwar.wps

Peter Banyard/The Rise of the Dictators
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An 8 page essay that examines how Banyard describes the rise to power of dictators Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. In doing so, Banyard describes how these powerful dictators offered solutions to desperate people and rode to power on the back of the economic depression that followed World War I. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khrised.wps

Photography Propaganda During WWII Days
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This 5 page paper looks at propaganda to emanate from Germany, Russia and the U.S. during WWII and just prior to its start. Differences in camera angles are touched on. The significance of photographs during the era is explored. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA331WW2.rtf

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