Elijah Muhammad: Biography and Brief Annotated Bibliography
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This is a 4 page paper including a biography of Elijah Muhammad and a brief annotated bibliography. Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975) was one of the founding members of the African American Islamic movement the Nation of Islam. Inspired by his teacher Master W.D. Fard, Muhammad from his base in Chicago in the 1930s managed to not only establish a number of temples around the country but also development a network of black farmers, merchants, hotels, grocery stores and restaurants among other enterprises which allowed for opportunities within the African American population during the time of the Depression and long after. His beliefs and the Nation of Islam were quite orthodox and conservative in regards to dress, eating and behavior. Muhammad and the Nation of Islam promoted the ideal of black supremacy, which had been taken by the whites, and the development of a nation for African Americans in addition to the importance for education, dignity and empowerment of the black race. His movement inspired influential members such as Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJEMuha1.rtf

Empirical Research Proposal Regarding the Oppression of Women in Islamic States
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This 12 page report discusses whether or not the oppression of women in Islamic states is based in the religious theology of Islam or in the cultural contexts of individual nations. Many believe that the Quran (Koran) teachings and male dominance have caused this situation when the actual problem has been more directly related to the interpretation of holy scripture by men. It is the fundamentalist extremists who should take the blame for distorting the teachings of Islam. This paper is written in ways that lend themselves to the actual development of a larger research project. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWempwom.wps

Ethics, Beliefs and Morals:
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This 6 page paper defines and examines the differences between morals, beliefs, and ethics. This paper applies these terms to the modern-day issue of the possibility of war with Iraq. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: GSEthic2.rtf

Evolution and Religion
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An 8 page paper which compares and contrasts the theory of evolution with three religions. The religions discussed are Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAevolution.wps

FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) In Algeria: Political Or Terrorist Organization?
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3 pages in length. Arguing how the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) is a political organization supported by Algeria's voting constituency, Remli contends that FIS cannot be classified as a terrorist group. FIS received votes from the vast majority (84%) of Algerians during both the 1990 and 1991, clearly illustrating how its acceptance by the people precludes the likelihood that FIS is a terrorist organization. Instead, Remli argues, the political nature of FIS is meant to "solve the crisis" that currently exists; with the likes of doctors and engineers comprising FIS, he contends that people from all walks of life have banded together as a means by which to fix this political problem. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLC_FIS.rtf

Foundations of Terrorism
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A 6 page paper assessing the influence that the history of Algeria’s independence and Palestine’s struggle against Israel has had on the development of terrorism as it exists in today’s world. In many respects, it seems as though terrorism has become little more than a bad habit for many of those promoting and practicing it – a lethal habit, but a habit nonetheless. One author explains that one of the reasons for the persistence of terrorism is that it was a component of successful efforts of Algeria’s nationalists in gaining Algeria’s independence. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSterrorFound.rtf

Fundamentalist Sects
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6 pages in length. A discussion of fundamentalism as it applies to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in Egypt and Iran. Considers the future of fundamentalism as well as why Christian fundamentalism in America grew more rapidly in non-urban centers. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAischr.wps

Funeral Rites in Saudi Arabia
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This 4 page paper discusses funeral rites in Saudi Arabia and what they tell us about the changes that have taken place in the country itself. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVfutrad.rtf

Global Religions: Differences And Similarities
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15 pages in length. The writer discusses differences and similarities between and among Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and Judaism. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: TLCGlbRe.rtf

Hanbali Islam; The Religion of Saudi Arabia
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This 7 page paper looks at the dominant religion in Saudi Arabia; the religion of the Sunni Muslims where the Hanbali school of jurisprudence has been adopted. The paper out lines the forms of the approaches adopted in interpreting the divine texts of the Quran and the Sunna, as well as the haiths and the relevant importance of these approaches. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEhanbali.rtf

HISBAH AND ECONOMICS
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This 3-page paper discusses the institution of Hisbah as it pertains to economics. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTalhisbah.rtf

History of Higher Education in Turkey and Reasons for Moving From Decentralization to Centralization
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A 6 page overview of the many changes that have occurred in Turkish tertiary education. This paper traces these changes from the mid twentieth century to the present and explains the various factors that have contributed to the move from centralization to decentralization and back again. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPtrkyEd.rtf

History of Islam: Sudan and the Dinka People
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A 10 page paper which examines the history of Islam in Sudan and in relationship to the Dinka people. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAsdnk.rtf

HIZBOLLAH, LEBENON AND THE FUTURE
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This 10-page paper provides an overview of Hizbollah, the Lebanese resistance group. In addition to providing some historical background, the paper also discusses the group's potential future. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: MThizbol.rtf

How Can The U.S. Credibly And Ethically Deter Adherents Of Extremist Religious Ideologies From Engaging In Terrorist Activity?
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15 pages in length. Deterring undesirable behavior in general typically elicits the response to disturb the perpetrator's life in some significant way so he will make the conscious decision to stop the behavior. Children who act out are often restricted from doing a particular activity they truly covet, thereby impacting their lives by forcibly forfeiting their pleasure principle. Once this valued commodity is withdrawn once or twice, the child learns how the motivation to display the undesirable behavior is not as valuable as the absent activity and chooses to stop. This basic standard of punishment/reward can only work, however, when the perpetrator actually values something in his life and will respond when it is removed; because al-Qaeda does not value life - even and perhaps especially their own - universal terrorist-related punishment of losing one's freedom and even one's life holds no threat and thereby fails to quell terrorist activity. In order to reach these soulless individuals and deter their terrorist pursuits, the end result must be to thwart the one thing that matters to them: the intended outcome of their terrorist pursuits. In short, America must refrain from reacting to and/or reciprocating terrorist activity inasmuch as this is precisely what al-Qaeda wants. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: TLCDeter_Terror.rtf

How Is Medieval History Relevant To Contemporary Relations Between The West And The Islamic World?
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7 pages in length. It is a harsh reality that has reinvented itself over and over again during some of the most difficult times of global conflict. While at times it serves to unite people under the umbrella of solidarity, it also fuels aggression and hatred toward those who do not uphold the same tenets. This demon of such tremendous proportion seeks to unify but ultimately divides, which reflects the way in which religious fundamentalism of medieval times has perpetuated throughout the centuries to once again raise its ugly head where contemporary relations between the West and the Islam world are concerned. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCMediIslm.rtf

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