Taxing the Internet
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This 5 page paper reviews this topic in a specific manner. A proposal is made for a new Pennsylvania law to tax online purchases. Principles regarding the issue are also discussed more generally. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA333tax.rtf

Temporary Aid to Needy Families
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A 7 page overview of the problems of welfare reform. While some mechanisms have been provided by programs such as TANF to provide the education and superstructure needed to move people off the welfare roles, much remains to be done. Single mothers are of particular concern in this equation and single mothers in rural areas are immersed in a complexity of factors which make procuring and holding work difficult. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPtanf.rtf

The American Economy Under the Leadership of George W. Bush
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This 5 page report discusses the current state of the American economy and Bush Administrations role in it. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWbsheco.rtf

The Balanced Budget Amendment
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This 6 page report discusses the issues surrounding the balanced budget amendment and its advantages and disadvantages. Depending on which elected official or economist is discussing the issue, such an amendment is either a necessity to the ongoing processes of democracy or an effort to derail the American way of life. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWbalbud.wps

The Canadian Federal Government: Actions Toward Reducing Inflation and Unemployment
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the inflation and unemployment rates in Canada over the past thirty years. Inflation reducing policies introduced by the federal government are discussed along with some suggestions for further reductions in inflation and unemployment. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCanFd1.rtf

The Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST)
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since its implementation in January 1991, the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been an excessive burden to the consumers, businesses, corporations, financial institutions and the federal government itself. The initial implementation costs because of manufacturer costs associated with new accounting systems alone for example reached an estimated $1 million per taxpayer. The continuing annual administration costs to comply are estimated at around $500,000 per taxpayer in addition to a total cost to small businesses of over $1.2 billion annually. The Tax Executives Institute was hired in 1994 to assess the system and while it admitted that the GST system was better for international business than the previous FST (the federal sales tax system it replaced but was invisible to the consumer), overall the administration of the system should be modified to have a higher threshold for registration (introduced and still at $30,000 for small businesses), a lower tax rate, but with fewer exemptions to decrease administrative costs among others. The government did not implement these recommendations so that in addition to the continued annual burden on tax payers in Canada, according to the budget released in February 2003 the government now has to reimburse several educational and municipal organizations for GST payments retroactive to the year the GST was introduced; an additional cost to the Canadian tax payer which has yet to be determined. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJGSTCn1.rtf

The Causes of the Immense U.S. Trade Deficit:
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This 6 page paper examines the causes of the trade deficit in the U.S. This paper asserts that this deficit is indeed serious, and has a plethora of significant ramifications. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: GSdeficit.rtf

The Crash of 1929, the Great Depression and its Effect on the Presidency
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A 5 page paper discussing how the wrenching events of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression ultimately affected the power of the presidency. The full effect of the crash and depression were not yet evident during Hoover's administration but had become quite clear by the time FDR took office in 1932. Though FDR instituted many of the initiatives that had originated with Hoover, the desperation in which the economy found itself lent greater credence to presidential decree. Hoover was limited to existing channels; FDR was able to take direct control on the basis of national emergency. His embracing of that route made the option permanently available for all those who would follow. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KS1929crash.wps

The Current Situation of the Federal Reserve
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5 pages in length. Takes a current look at the Federal Reserve situation and what the future might hold. the definition and explanation of what the Federal Reserve System does are included in this up to date paper. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAfrsrv.wps

The Economic Philosophy of Alan Greenspan
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A 3 page essay addressing the question of whether our Federal Reserve chairman is a supply-side economist or an Keyesian, whether he favors the tax cuts proposed by George W. Bush, whether he if for free trade or protectionism, laissez-faire or tight government regulation, economic growth or wealth redistribution. The question of how Greenspan views price stabilization and a return to the gold standard is also addressed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPgrnspn.rtf

The Effect of Rising Oil Prices on the American Economy
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A 5 page paper which examines how rising oil prices affects the American economy and considers possible way to overcome the detrimental effects before advocating the best solution to the problem. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGoilecon.rtf

The Effects Of Taxation On The Economy
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A 9 page paper that begins with a table illustrating the three measures of economic growth from 1950 to the mid-1990s. Issues and topics discussed include taxes as a proportion of GDP, both at the federal level and at the state and local level. The essay includes data that reflect a growing economy each time taxes were reduced. The reasons for the improved economy are explained, for example, when capital gains taxes are reduced, investors have more income to invest, save or spend; when corporations have lower taxes, they can expand, hire more people and produce more goods. Data and expert opinions are included. 1 Table is included. Bibliography lists 8 sources. PGtxec.rtf
Filename: PGtxec.rtf

The Federal Budgetary Process
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the process that takes place in the United States. Pertinent legal requirements are examined. Historical and contemporary information includes several examples. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA6Budgt.wps

The Federal Minimum Wage
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5 pages in length. Gives information on the federal minimum wage and its relationship to the consumer price index. Graphs are included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAfedmw.wps

The Financial and Budgeting Effects of Terrorism in Respect to Law Enforcement
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This 20 page paper looks at the horrific events of September 11, 2001 and its aftermath as it concerns financial topics. The primary focus is on budgeting, particularly as it concerns law enforcement in New York City. Newly developed task forces and monetary implications are also considered. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: SA143NYC.rtf

The Five Major Subsystems in Public Bureaucracies
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This 4 page paper identifies and then describes the five main subsystems of public bureaucracy; political appointees, professional careerists, general civil service, unionised workers and contractual employees. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEbsubsystem.rtf

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