Astrology; The Contribution of Johannes Kepler
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This 4 page paper examines the reforms that were proposed by Johannes Kepler during the sixteenth century and why he made these proposals that revolutionised the practice of astrology. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEastrkepler.rtf

Astronomical Research: Black Holes
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A 5 page paper which examines some recent articles dealing with researching black holes in the field of astronomy. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAastro.rtf

Astronomical Theories During the Time of Copernicus
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the Copernican theory and the considerations for and against it. During the time of Copernicus in the 16th century, astronomers were faced with the challenge of updating the calendar and the astronomical systems used for navigation because the calendars and methods used for centuries were proving to be inaccurate. To do this astronomers, like Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler, promoting the heliocentric theory had to refute the generally accepted physics of Aristotle which promoted the natural place of bodies resulted in their natural motion and the astronomy of Ptolemy which advocated the geocentric system of planetary motion in which the Earth was the center of the universe. Both theories were accepted by the powerful Catholic Church which believed that the geocentric system was also written in the Scriptures. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCoper1.rtf

Astronomy Questions
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This 3 page paper answers some basic questions about astronomical matters. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVAstQst.rtf

Astronomy Research and Extraterrestrial Life
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A 4 page overview of man's quest for the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The author outlines some of the criteria that astronomers believe would be necessary for life to exist and emphasizes the importance of ongoing astronomical research. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPextrat.rtf

Aviadenovirus
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A 5 page overview of the adenoviruses with a particular emphasis on research concerning aviadenovirus, the adenovirus which infects domestic chickens, ducks, turkey, quail and other species of fowl. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Aviad.wps

Avian Flu 2
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This 10 page paper examines the occurrence and reporting of bird flu cases. The paper starts by looking at the different reports from the World Health Organization and what data is contained in the reports, how it is collected and the barriers to effective collection. The paper then looks at the spread and mortality rate of the disease and trends in the way the disease is spread in different patients, considering age, gender and locations, the paper also looks at the current research. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEbirdflu2.rtf

Avian Influenza
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This 12 page paper examines Avian Influenza, often referred to as ‘bird flu’ focusing on the H5N1 variant that is seen as the most likely A strain variant that could cause a human pandemic. The paper outlines the problem, looks at the condition, including mortality and morbidity, symptoms and clinical progression as well as geographical, seasonal and demographic factors and influences. The paper then considers the current hypotheses concerning avian influenza and looks at the potential sources of information and the current gaps in research. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEbirdflu.rtf

Avoiding the Worst Effects of a Tsunami
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A 3 page paper discussing the Indian Ocean tsunami. On December 26, 2004, two tectonic plates that have been opposing each other for millennia shifted under the earth’s surface, resulting in an earthquake under the Indian Ocean. The earthquake shook the earth enough to change time, albeit only by microseconds. The greater consequence was that the earthquake displaced an immense volume of water. The final result was that the tsunami created by the earthquake killed more than all 20th century tsunamis combined. There was no warning. There were, however, actions that people in the affected areas could take. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KStsunami.rtf

Bacillus cereus
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A 9 page paper discussing characteristics of the organism and its ability to cause disease. Though B. cereus food contamination apparently is not a condition against which sufficient protection is possible, it can be managed so that risk of disease from B. cereus food poisoning can be minimized. Most of the cases of food poisoning resulting from the metabolites of this organism still go unreported and even unrecognized in the diarrheal form, but study of the cases that are reported may be useful in the study of the more serious manifestations of B. cereus contamination such as gangrene and other conditions. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KSBcereus.wps

Background and Medical Applications of the Isotope Sodium -24
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This 3 page paper looks at Sodium Isotope -24, also known as Na-24. The paper outlines when sodium was discovered, and the isotope -24 is used for medical purposes. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEna24me.rtf

Baconianism and the Royal Society
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A paper which considers whether or not the Royal Society could be regarded as following Baconian scientific principles and the effect which Bacon had on scientific thought and methodology. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLbacon.rtf

Bacterial Interactions With Plants
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An 8 page overview of the effects and interactions of bacteria on plants. Emphasizes that plants are dependent on some of these interactions but are adversely impacted by others. Includes commercial and non-commercial impacts as well as a mention of efforts to commercially capitalize on the interactions of plants and bacteria by producing strains which benefit from the positive microbial interactions and are resistant to the less beneficial interactions. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Plantbac.wps

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics: Modern Lessons from Evolutionary Theory
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A 4 page discussion of the practical lessons available in evolution which are applicable to our everyday lives. The author contends that evolutionary theory can have direct application in identifying solutions for a number of real world problems, one of the most concerning of which is the recent phenomena of resistance to antibiotics being noted in some species of bacteria. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPbactEv.rtf

Basic And Applied Research
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6 pages in length. Humanity has been able to evolve as a species by learning about the world and how it impacts mankind's existence. Research has proven an instrumental component in achieving this ongoing objective as humans constantly strive to improve and advance. Determining the difference between basic and applied research is rather like setting the foundation of a home before actually building the structure: the knowledge must first exist before solutions can be drawn from it. Therefore, basic research serves to glean the fundamental awareness that something exists while applied research is using that understanding to craft a specific outcome. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCReschBasApp.rtf

Basic Observations in Astronomy
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A 10 page overview of some of the basic premises of astronomy. Outlines the Big Bang theory and provides a description of Venus, Mars, and the four Jovian planets (Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, and Jupiter) in relation to the Earth and Sun, speculating on such anomalies as Venus’ retrograde rotation. Outlines the methodologies and theories utilized by astronomers such as the Doppler Effect, Wien’s Law, Absorption Spectrum, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the Emission Spectrum. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastron.wps

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