The History of English Hooliganism
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A 10 page paper which examines why hooliganism is regarded as distinctly English, considers the social landscape that produces and perpetuates it, and explores the role of the media in the development of its perception. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TGhooligan.rtf

The History of Joe Robbie Stadium (Pro Player Stadium)
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A 15 page paper discussing Joe Robbie's radical departure from the norm in gaining modern facilities for his Miami Dolphins. Robbie bought the Dolphins in 1965, and the existing Orange Bowl had been their home stadium for decades. Though the Orange Bowl stadium was 50 years old in the 1980s, local government owners would not approve any substantial renovations and provided only minimal maintenance. Joe Robbie managed some creative financing for his $110 million stadium, building it in less than four years completely with private funds, none of which were his own. The Robbie family sold both the stadium and the Dolphins to Wayne Huizenga after Robbie's death in 1990, and a marketing arrangement has it renamed to Pro Player Stadium until 2006. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: KSstadium.wps

The Importance of Cohesion in Team Sports
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This five page paper considers the role of cohesion in team sports. The writer looks at team cohesion in relation to its determinants and consequences. Included in the paper is a consideration of cohesion is needed in all team sports and how the motivation of the individuals will impact on the cohesion and how this will transfer into the team performance and results. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEteamco.rtf

The Importance of Fans in Sports
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A 4 page paper which examines how the sports fans are vital to the success of sports teams and often act as another player, urging teams on to win. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAfans.rtf

The Loss Of Ethics In Sports
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A 5 page paper discussing the phenomena of sports' and athletes' unethical and, often, immoral behavior both on the playing field and off. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Unsports.doc

The Lure Of Boxing To Escape Poverty
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5 pages in length. For many blacks and Hispanics, the opportunities to escape poverty are few and far between; typically held back by social and cultural determinism, these populations often struggle just to get by, much less have the chance to better their situations. Some, however, have found a way to break free by utilizing sports as their tutor, learning about themselves and the world around them by way of mental discipline and physical strength & stamina. Boxing represents one of the most sought-after activities for those trying to seek a better life through sports, especially if the individual's educational background does not provide for more academic-related opportunities. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCboxng.rtf

The Media's Responsibility In Covering Sports
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The writer of this 8 page research paper attempts to answer the question of whether the media can effectively serve any function in sports other than commercializing our favorite ones. It is argued that while the media does help promote our sense of spirit, motivate fans, etc.; it also helps create unfair stereotypes for athletes, undue pressure for college players, and promotes dishonesty in those whose jobs depend on winning..in front of the camera. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Sportmda.wps

The National Collegiate Athletic Association:
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This 10 page paper discusses the history of this organization from its inception in the early 20th century. Furthermore, such issues as academics, enforcement and constitution are reviewed in relation to the NCAA. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GSAthlet.rtf

The New San Diego Ballpark
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This 5 page report discusses San Diego, California’s decision to build a new, downtown ballpark for the San Diego Padres baseball team. From the public administration frame of reference, the addition of any sporting complex must be considered with both a great deal of careful review, cost benefit analyses, public support, and the financial ramifications associated with such a massive undertaking. Governments have become increasingly responsible for financing arenas and stadiums. It has now become commonplace to use broad-based or special tax to build or operate these facilities with teams retaining most or all of the revenues. How this situation has unfolded in San Diego is outlined here. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWsandie.wps

The Olympic Games & What They've Come to Mean
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A 6 page look at the Olympic Games; covering their history, purpose, and growth. The writer goes on to examine modern issues affecting the Olympics such as the controversy over allowing "professional athletes" to compete, disqualification of drug users, and the changing role of nationalism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Olympics.wps

The Prevalence Of Drugs Within The Sports World
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10 pages in length. If one were to ascertain the reasons why many athletes use drugs, there are likely to be several answers that are equally as applicable, including the factor of winning at any costs, enhancing otherwise inadequate physical performance and the overwhelming pressure to succeed. With the understanding that such reasons inevitably fall under the headings of cheating and poor sportsmanship, it is still not enough of a deterrent for many athletes to overcome the temptation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCDrgSp.rtf

The Role of Race in Sports
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This 10 page paper looks at race as a social construction but explores theories that suggest biological aspects play a part in sports. Both sides of the controversy are discussed. Various explanations are offered, inclusive of stereotyping. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: SA202rce.rtf

The Universal Pattern of Stickball: From the Indigenous Inhabitants of the Americas to the Europeans who Invaded Their Lands
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An 11 page history of the indigenous Native American “game” of stickball and the evolution of this sport to the modern version we know today as lacrosse. Emphasizes the spiritual and ceremonial aspects of the game, noting that in many cases it was used as a means of preparing the people for war. It would come to have a considerable impact on non-Natives as well. Contends that on close examination it becomes apparent that there is a universal pattern in the game of lacrosse or stickball which extends throughout the various cultures and peoples who have engaged in it. This is true in historical times between peoples such as the Cherokee and Iroquois but this universal pattern extends much further as well. It extends in fact from the indigenous peoples who inhabited this continent prior to the arrival of the Europeans who invaded their lands all the way to contemporary times. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPnaBall.wps

The Use of Mascots in the Olympic Games
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This 6 page paper looks at the use of Mascots in the Olympic Games since their first appearance with Waldi in the 1976 Munich Games. and discusses the hypothesis that "As Olympic mascots become more and more popular it had become like a machine that only focused on marking, economic interest rather than to view as a supreme symbol that is originally use to express culture and Olympic game of the host country". The purpose and value of the mascots is considered, along with their evolution and history as well as marketing value. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEmasolympic.rtf

Theories Regarding the Origin of Sports
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This 5 page paper provides an analysis of theories in respect to the history of sports. Class based theories are compared with theories which focus on practical issues. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA147spt.rtf

Under-Representation of Minorities in Sports Leadership Positions
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This 3 page paper speculates on reasons why ethnic minorities are under-represented in sports leadership positions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVMinSpt.rtf

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